The mechanics matter. Traditional dynamic pricing adjusts a uniform price up or down based on supply, timing and availability: airline seats before holidays, rideshare fares after a concert. “Surveillance pricing” goes further, using personal data such as location, device type, purchase history or income proxies to tailor prices to an individual shopper’s perceived willingness to pay.
The Federal Trade Commission has warned that at least 250 firms are already employing artificial intelligence (AI)-driven pricing and that widespread adoption could reshape competition, a finding that has fueled legislative interest.
Scaling Demand-Based Models
FIFA’s move underscores how large platforms are operationalizing demand-based models at scale. Its pricing will start around $60 for group-stage games and reach as high as $6,730 for the final. The organization points to an earlier test at the Club World Cup, where prices for a MetLife Stadium semifinal plunged from roughly $474 to about $13 to fill seats, and officials note ticket values can move in both directions depending on demand. Fans are being urged to buy early, and FIFA plans to centralize sales, warn against unofficial resale channels and launch its own resale platform, steps that maximize control over market prices and inventory.
Hospitality packages, meanwhile, range from roughly $3,500 to $73,200 per person for the final.
California has chosen a narrower path. The Senate shelved the “End AI Rent Hikes Act” (SB 52), which would have barred landlords from deploying pricing algorithms that coordinate lease rates using competitor data, and scuttled the “Preventing Algorithmic Price Fixing Act” (SB 384), which sought to ban price-setting tools that ingest confidential competitor information.
A third measure, Assembly Bill 446, originally a broad prohibition on tailoring prices based on personal data collected via digital tracking, advanced only after being amended to apply solely to grocery stores; it was read a second time on Sept. 2. Lawmakers cited examples such as a $5 million Target settlement over location-based price differences as motivation for action.
Other proposals are still moving, albeit with more focused aims. AB 325 targets the distribution or use of a common pricing algorithm across businesses when intended to align prices or commercial terms. SB 259 would prohibit pricing based on device-specific data while permitting real‑time demand adjustments, and SB 295 would bar algorithms that rely on private competitor data to set prices. Business groups have argued that earlier versions were overly sweeping, a stance that helped stall broader measures and reshape AB 446’s scope.
The Bigger Picture
For banks, processors and marketplaces, the practical questions are converging even as policy diverges. FIFA’s centralized ticketing and its planned official resale channel concentrate transactions and data flows, potentially easing fraud controls and chargeback management but also raising scrutiny over how algorithms allocate supply and set prices when secondary markets are constrained. Ticketing experts caution that, absent safeguards, centralized pricing power can resemble coordination, putting a premium on audit trails, governance and clear consumer disclosures.
The immediate takeaway is that adoption is outpacing regulation. Global entertainment is normalizing dynamic pricing, while the most aggressive state-level attempts to police individualized or collusive algorithmic practices are being pared back. The compliance line today is clearer on data sources (competitor data and device signals are riskier) than on revenue management itself.
For payments and FinTech firms that run ticketing, travel or retail platforms, the operational burden now is to document how models move prices, limit use of sensitive personal data, and preserve consumer trust, even as the market tests just how dynamic “dynamic” can be.
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