UK Study Finds Cycling Reduces Dementia and Alzheimer’s Risk

A UK study found cycling lowers dementia risk by 19 percent and Alzheimer’s by 22 percent, reinforcing evidence that physical activity protects long-term brain health.

A major study in the United Kingdom has found that cycling is associated with a 19 percent lower risk of dementia and a 22 percent lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease compared to other forms of transport. With more than 55 million people worldwide currently living with dementia, researchers warn the number could triple by 2050.

The research tracked over 480,000 people across Britain for 13 years, making it one of the largest studies of its kind. Results were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association and build on growing evidence that physical activity plays a key role in protecting brain health.

According to the findings, those who chose cycling as their main mode of transport were significantly less likely to develop dementia. Walking also offered benefits, lowering the risk by about six percent, but cycling showed the strongest protective effect.

Dr. Joe Verghese, a neurology professor at Stony Brook University in New York, said the results were particularly notable because this was the first study to show that cycling not only reduced dementia risk but was also linked to enlargement of the hippocampus, the part of the brain responsible for memory and learning.

Researchers cautioned, however, that the study was observational. This means it cannot prove cycling directly prevents dementia, but it strongly suggests that active lifestyles are connected to lower risk.

Experts say the benefits likely come from cycling’s impact on cardiovascular health, improved blood circulation to the brain, increased neural plasticity, and enhanced metabolism—all factors that support healthy cognitive function.

The World Health Organization recommends adults complete 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous activity per week. Specialists suggest beginners start with short, safe routes or stationary bikes at home. Even cycling once or twice weekly, they add, can bring measurable benefits for long-term brain health.

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