Structure and Growth of Fingernails and Toenails

The parts of the nail, whether at your fingers or toes, follow a basic structure. This nail anatomy serves to protect against infections or injury, while adding functional ability (like scratching) and improving sensation and dexterity (self-defense and other skill with your hands). The structure is divided into three main parts: the nail itself, the underlying structure that supports nail growth, and the skin tissue that surrounds it. This article explains each of these features of nail anatomy. It also discusses certain conditions that affect the health of your nails and those for which nail changes can be a sometimes surprising sign, such as liver or kidney failure. Nail Anatomy The nail structure is divided into different components that make up the nail itself, or the surrounding skin and structure. Each of the elements has a specific function, and if disrupted, it can affect the nail's appearance and health. Parts of the Nail Your nail plate is the actual fingernail, and it's mad...