Heavy Snow Can Quietly Wreck Your Roof—Here’s How to Remove It Safely

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Winter weather can cause all kinds of issues, like snow-covered driveways that need to be cleared with a snow blower and slick walkways that need ice melt. Heavy snow on your roof can also be a problem. If the weight approaches the roof snow load limits, then it could possibly trigger a roof collapse. That's why it's important to know when to remove snow from a roof safely.

A collapsed roof is far more likely if your home or business has a flat roof, since snow can build up without falling, so staying on top of flat roof snow removal is essential. Though, even if your roof is not at risk of collapsing, allowing snow to continue to pile up can increase the risk of damage to the shingles, the gutter system, roof fascia, and the siding.

Additionally, learning how to remove snow from a roof is one of the best ice dam prevention methods available, getting rid of the snow before the meltwater freezes in the gutters. Use this guide to discover when you need to remove roof snow and how to keep your roof clear in the winter.

Why Roof Snow Removal Matters

How Snow Load Affects Roof Structure

It’s important to take roof snow removal seriously to avoid problems with your roof, gutter system, and attic. “Excessive snow accumulation adds significant weight that can stress your roof's structural integrity, and when snow melts and refreezes, it can cause water damage on top of that,” explains Hannah Richter, marketing consultant to Walker Metals, a metal roofing and steel building construction company.

If snow is allowed to accumulate too much, it can cause the trusses and rafters to bend or split, putting excess stress on the beams and the entire frame. Snow can also cause visible sagging of the roofline and ceiling, while the extra weight may also cause the metal plates and joints in the trusses to separate or fracture.

Signs Snow Buildup is Becoming Dangerous

Leaving snow to build up on your roof, just hoping that it will slide off or melt, isn't a smart strategy. It could be more difficult to remove the snow in the future, which may lead to a seriously dangerous situation. “Homeowners should avoid waiting until snow has compacted into ice, as this makes safe removal much more difficult regardless of your roof type,” Richter notes.

A few signs that indicate the snow buildup on your roof has become dangerous and will require professional services to safely clear include:

Sagging Rooflines: Visible dips or unevenness in the roof structure.
Creaking, Popping, Groaning Sounds: Loud noises suggest the roof structure is under immense strain.
Sticking Doors and Windows: The house shifting under pressure can make doors and windows difficult to open or close.
Cracks in Walls or Ceilings: New cracks in drywall, plaster, or masonry.

How Do I Know if I Have Too Much Snow on My Roof?

Snow Weight Explained

The amount of snow that is considered to be too much depends on the type of snow. Generally, light or fluffy snow will weigh about five to 10 pounds per square foot (psf) per foot of depth, while heavy or wet snow will weigh 20 to 25 pounds psf per foot of depth. You have too much roof snow when the weight of the snow approaches 20 pounds psf.

This means that the roof may be in danger with just two feet of wet snow or four feet of light, fluffy snow, with ice adding up to 60 pounds psf per foot of depth. Be on guard for sagging, creaking, or sticking doors and windows as warning signs, and when in doubt, call a professional.

General Snow Load Guidelines for Homes

Most roofs are typically designed to hold about 20 to 40 pounds per square foot (psf), though this can vary between properties, especially if the roof is old or in disrepair. A few feet of fresh snow might be okay, but layers of packed snow, ice, and new snow can easily hit 60 psf, which is too much.

Constantine Anest, owner of Ethos Roofing and Restoration, says “I would remove snow only once it exceeds five to six inches deep, but avoid clearing the roof down to bare shingles to avoid damaging the roofing material and creating steps that could become a starting point for ice dams.”

Factors That Increase Risk

When you are trying to decide when to clear your roof, it’s important to have a basic understanding of your home and the factors that can increase the risk of snow accumulation. Anest notes that “a lot depends on the building’s structure, the age of the house, and the type of roof.”

Flat or low-sloped roofs are more susceptible to snow accumulation and drifting, as the snow has nowhere to slide off naturally, while steeper roofs shed snow more efficiently. Similarly, metal roofs tend to shed snow better than roofs with asphalt shingles. Additionally, older roofs or those with existing damage (leaks, rot, weakened trusses) have a lower weight tolerance than modern, well-maintained roofs built to current building codes.

When You Should (and Shouldn’t) Remove Snow From a Roof

Situations That Require Immediate Action

Don’t hesitate to clear the roof of snow. Anest states that “snow should be removed when it starts to press on the structure, block vents, or cause ice to form along the roof edges.” When the amount of snow on the roof exceeds six to 12 inches of heavy/wet snow or 18 to 24 inches of light, fluffy snow, it’s recommended to clear the snow from the roof as soon as possible.

Similarly, if you have a flat or a low-pitched roof, you should be clearing the snow regularly to prevent it from building up and putting stress on the structure. Uneven snow buildup, especially in valleys and dormers, is a clear sign that you should clear these sections of the roof so that there is only one to two inches of snow remaining. Also, if your gutter system is developing ice dams, regular roof snow removal can help prevent further gutter problems.

When It’s Safer to Leave Snow Alone

Avoid ladders and roofs when it is actively snowing or there are icy conditions around the home that need to be treated first, as slips are common and dangerous. Additionally, if there is a significant amount of ice on the roof, then it’s better to call professionals to handle this problem. Don't use metal shovels or picks to chip away ice, as this damages shingles and causes leaks.

DIY removal can be risky when the snow has been allowed to accumulate too much. Also, if the weight of the snow has caused damage to the home, it’s better to have a professional on site to remove the snow safely and assess any repairs that may need to be done.

Insurance and Liability Considerations

Most policies cover sudden, accidental damage like roof collapse from snow weight but exclude damage due to neglect, so it’s necessary to stay on top of regular roof maintenance. Additionally, some snow-related leaks are covered, but water damage from melting that's considered "flooding" might need separate flood insurance depending on the policy.

In terms of general liability, you should keep walkways clear and avoid using improper techniques that may damage your roof or cause structural issues. Also, slips and falls on icy surfaces are common, which can lead to significant personal liability risks if you are not maintaining the roof and the areas around the home. Lease agreements for those renting a home often define snow removal duties for tenants and landlords, so you can refer to this agreement to find out what you are responsible for and what your landlord should be handling.

Safe Roof Snow Removal Methods

Using a Roof Rake From the Ground

One of the best methods is roof rake snow removal. “It is safest to remove some snow from the roof without climbing onto it. I usually do this with a long roof snow rake or scraper,” mentions Anest. To safely remove snow from your roof with a rake from the ground, stand securely away from falling snow, use a plastic-bladed rake with a long handle, and gently pull snow off the roof's edge, working in sections and leaving a thin layer to protect shingles.

Roof rakes are a safe way to remove snow from the roof while being firmly planted on the ground.

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Removing Snow in Layers

Don’t attempt to remove all the snow from a section of the roof at once, as this could cause a large chunk of snow to come falling down. Anest explains that “when removing snow manually, it is best to take off small sections at a time and direct the snow away from the house, avoiding large slabs that could suddenly fall and tear off gutters or damage the facade.”

Work in small sections by pulling snow towards you, starting at the eaves and moving up, leaving one to two inches to protect the roof. For heavy loads, it's crucial to clear snow to reduce weight and prevent collapse, but always prioritize safety over scraping it all off.

Clearing Roof Edges vs Full Roof Removal

Focusing on the roof edges addresses the immediate concerns of ice dam formation and the initial load of snow buildup. You can use a long-handled roof rake while standing on the ground to easily clear the bottom three to six feet of snow from the edges. This creates a path for melting snow to drain off the roof, rather than backing up under the shingles.

Removing all snow from the entire roof is a more intensive process that is generally discouraged for homeowners due to safety concerns and potential roof damage. This is typically necessary only in extreme circumstances where the total weight of snow exceeds the roof's load capacity, or when ice dams have already become a persistent problem. Since you would need to climb up to the roof to remove all the snow from the whole roof, this job is best left to insured professionals who have the proper safety equipment and training.

Tools for Roof Snow Removal

Roof Rakes

For roof snow removal, plastic or poly roof rakes are generally best for asphalt shingles as they are gentler and prevent granule loss, while metal rakes risk shingle damage unless they have wheels. Generally, plastic roof rakes are safer because they won’t scrape off protective granules on asphalt shingles or scratch the coating off of metal roofing. Metal roof rakes are stronger and more durable, but the sharp edges can damage the roof, leading to water intrusion and decay, which is why they should only be used if equipped with rollers or a slide.

Telescoping Handles and Extensions

The top tools combine a lightweight telescoping handle made of aluminum or fiberglass with a plastic head featuring wheels or a slide for smooth operation. This allows you to work from the ground, rather than attempting to climb a slippery ladder or work from the roof. For additional reach, many roof rakes will have the option to attach extension poles to make it easier to clean deeper into the center of the roof, so you can stay firmly standing on the ground.

What Tools to Avoid Using on Roofs

There are a surprising number of tools that homeowners attempt to use to clear snow from the roof, most of which should be avoided.

Metal Shovels, Picks, or Hammers: Can scratch, puncture, or tear shingles, leading to leaks and structural damage.
Yard Rakes (Metal or Spring-Tooth): Not designed for roofs and they can damage surfaces and dislodge granules.
Blowtorches, Heat Guns, or Open Flames: It shouldn’t need to be said, but attempting to clear snow from a roof with fire is a bad idea as it creates fire hazards and can damage roofing materials.
Snow Blowers on the Roof: These are too heavy and using them on a roof can lead to falls or injuries. Additionally, it is unsafe to move a snow blower onto the roof.
Ladders in Icy Conditions: Slippery rungs and boots increase fall risk. Only use if it is absolutely necessary and with extreme caution.
Heavy Equipment: Unless approved by an engineer, avoid placing heavy weight on the roof to prevent collapse.

Roof Snow Removal by Roof Type

Asphalt Shingle Roofs

For asphalt shingle roofs, you need to be careful about the potential to damage the shingles. “On roofs with asphalt shingles and composite materials, snow should only be removed with plastic or rubber tools,” says Anest. Use a plastic roof rake with a telescoping handle to gently pull snow off from the ground, avoiding metal shovels or climbing up to prevent damaging brittle shingles. Work in small sections and leave about one to two inches of snow so that you don’t risk scraping the granules off the shingles. Additionally, you always need to be mindful of falling snow and ice so that you don’t accidentally injure yourself or pull snow and ice down on a vehicle, fence, power lines, or any other vulnerable object.

Metal Roofs

When it comes to metal roof snow removal, you need to be aware of the potential vulnerabilities of your metal roof. “Metal roofs require gentler removal methods since metal shovels or sharp tools can scratch protective coatings and void warranties. The good news is metal roofing's slick surface means snow often slides off on its own, especially on steeper pitches, making aggressive removal less necessary. If removal is needed, plastic snow rakes or soft-bristled tools protect your investment while getting the job done safely,” notes Richter.

Flat and Low-Slope Roofs

When you have a low-slope roof, you can use a plastic roof rake to pull snow off the roof while remaining on the ground, but if you have a flat roof, then the amount of snow you can remove with a roof rake is limited, especially since you are unable to see what you are doing.

To handle snow on a flat roof, you may need to climb a ladder to use a roof rake or a plastic shovel to remove snow from the roof. However, this can put you at risk of slipping and falling, so if you don’t have proper safety equipment or you simply are not comfortable with taking this risk, then it’s better to hire a snow removal company to clear the roof at regular intervals.

Ice Dams and Snow Removal

How Snow Contributes to Ice Dams

The weight of the snow isn’t the only problem to consider when it comes to roof snow removal. “Ice dams are a big issue. They form when warm air from the house rises and melts snow at the roof edge, causing the meltwater to flow into gutters and downspouts. Since these elements remain cold, the water freezes inside them, gradually forming ice and trapping the water, explains Anest.

Snow contributes to ice dams by providing the water source that melts and refreezes at colder roof edges, creating a dam that traps more water, which then backs up under shingles into your home, causing damage.

Clearing Eaves to Reduce Ice Buildup

Clearing snow from the roof eaves prevents ice dams by removing the insulating snow layer, allowing the edge of the roof to stay colder and preventing meltwater from the warmer upper roof from refreezing into a barrier, ensuring water flows into gutters instead of backing up under shingles. Using a roof rake to remove snow, especially from the first few feet near the edge, stops the freeze-thaw cycle that creates dams, reducing water infiltration and potential damage.

What Snow Removal Can and Can’t Fix

Roof snow removal that's primarily done by raking can prevent new ice dams and heavy snow load damage but it doesn't remove solid ice, only the snow above it. Additionally, snow removal doesn't clear clogged or frozen gutters, which contribute to dams, and it cannot solve attic heat loss, poor insulation, or inadequate ventilation, which are the real reasons dams form.

Common Roof Snow Removal Mistakes

Climbing Onto the Roof

Climbing onto a snowy roof for snow removal is dangerous due to slip hazards, falling icicles, and the risk of structural collapse from heavy snow. Richter notes that “it’s a serious mistake to climb onto an icy roof without proper safety equipment—almost always leave that to your local roofing professionals. When possible, use a roof rake from ground level.” If you do need to climb up higher to reach certain problem areas, always have a partner to spot hazards, hold the ladder, and help if needed.

Uneven Snow Removal

Uneven clearing can create unbalanced loads on the roof, which may potentially lead to roof damage, or even roof collapse. Anest says that “one of the most common mistakes I see is uneven snow removal. Sometimes snow is cleared only from one side, creating a skewed load on the structure.” Similarly, trying to remove all snow can damage the roof. Generally, leaving a thin layer of about one to two inches is sufficient.

Damaging Shingles and Flashing

Aggressive raking or shoveling can strip granules, weakening the shingles and exposing the asphalt to UV rays and water. Richter also mentions that “using metal shovels, ice picks, or salt-based deicers can damage roofing materials and cause corrosion or scratches on metal panels.” If you aren’t careful, even sharp corners on plastic rakes can scratch, chip, or puncture shingles, dislodging protective granules and leading to premature failure.

Ignoring Falling Snow Hazards

Ignoring falling snow hazards during roof clearing is a major mistake that can lead to injuries from heavy, sudden snow and ice collapses. The falling snow can hit you or can strike people below. This danger is often caused by using unsafe tools, working in bad weather, or creating large, unsteady piles. Instead, use roof rakes from the ground, work in small batches, create low, even piles, and keep your walkways clean. If there is too much snow buildup to handle, call a professional to reduce the risk of falls, structural damage, and injury.

When to Call a Professional

Structural Warning Signs

If you are hearing creaking or popping, or if you see sagging ceilings or active leaks in your roof or walls, then it’s best to contact a snow removal professional to get rid of the snow and assess any damages. Additionally, if you notice that the doors or windows seem to be sticking, this may be due to pressure from the roof which can cause the frame to shift. Similarly, new cracks in walls and ceilings or bulging ceilings signal extreme weight problems.

Multi-Story or Steep Roofs

Multi-story homes or roofs with a pitch steeper than 6:12 (a six-inch drop for every 12 inches of horizontal run) are generally considered too dangerous for DIY snow removal. While you may be able to reach up with a roof rake to clear the edges, snow accumulation in hard-to-reach areas may not be possible with a roof rake alone, at which point it is better to hire a professional snow removal company, rather than attempting to tackle this job on your own.

Cost vs Risk Comparison

While DIY roof snow removal saves labor costs, the true cost comparison favors hiring a professional when safety and major property damage risks are high, making it a worthwhile investment in peace of mind and structural integrity. The potential cost of DIY mistakes, like falls, broken gutters, roof damage, or water leaks, often far exceeds the upfront cost of hiring insured professionals for risky situations.

You are typically safe to attempt a DIY method for single-story homes, light/fluffy snow, and after a minor snowfall. Call a pro if there is a significant amount of heavy/wet snow, complex rooflines, or signs that the roof is overloaded.

Roof Snow Removal FAQs

Can Snow Cause a Roof to Collapse?

Heavy accumulated snow and ice can cause a roof to collapse. This occurs when the weight of the snow and ice on the roof exceeds the load-bearing capacity of the roof. It’s more likely to happen with wet snow on flat roofs that lack proper drainage, which can lead to structural failure from the immense weight.

Is Roof Snow Removal Covered by Insurance?

It depends on the insurance coverage you have, but in many cases homeowners insurance will not cover the cost of preventative snow removal, though some homeowners’ insurance policies will cover damage from heavy snow, like a roof collapse or resulting water damage. It’s best to check your specific policy and to discuss options with your insurance company directly.

How Do You Remove Snow Without Damaging Shingles?

The easiest way to remove roof snow without damaging the shingles is to use a roof rake with rollers, then pull snow down in small amounts to gradually clear the roof. Avoid shoveling or scraping down to the bare roof, instead leave about one to two inches of snow on the roof.

Should You Remove Snow After Every Storm?

Generally, you don’t need to remove snow from a room after every storm, but you should clear away heavy, wet accumulations of snow, or take action when you see warning signs that the snow is putting excess pressure on the structure of the home, as the combined weight of snow and ice can exceed the roof’s capacity, risking damage or collapse.